Linux dumpe2fs命令

#!/bin/bash
# ext文件系统详细分析脚本
DEVICE="${1:-/dev/sda1}"
REPORT_FILE="/tmp/ext_analysis_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).txt"

echo "=== ext文件系统分析报告 ===" | tee $REPORT_FILE
echo "分析设备: $DEVICE" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
echo "分析时间: $(date)" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
echo "" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE

# 检查设备是否存在
if [ ! -b "$DEVICE" ]; then
    echo "错误：设备 $DEVICE 不存在" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
    exit 1
fi

# 检查是否ext文件系统
FS_TYPE=$(sudo blkid -o value -s TYPE $DEVICE 2>/dev/null)
if [[ "$FS_TYPE" != "ext2" && "$FS_TYPE" != "ext3" && "$FS_TYPE" != "ext4" ]]; then
    echo "警告：设备 $DEVICE 不是ext2/3/4文件系统（检测到: $FS_TYPE）" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
    read -p "是否继续？(y/n): " continue_answer
    if [ "$continue_answer" != "y" ]; then
        exit 1
    fi
fi

echo "1. 基本文件系统信息：" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
echo "------------------------" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep -E "(Filesystem volume|UUID|state|type|created|Last mount|Last write)" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE

echo "" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
echo "2. 容量信息：" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
echo "------------------------" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep -E "(Block count|Block size|Free blocks|Inode count|Free inodes|Reserved)" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE

# 计算使用率
BLOCK_SIZE=$(sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep "Block size" | awk '{print $3}')
TOTAL_BLOCKS=$(sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep "Block count" | awk '{print $3}')
FREE_BLOCKS=$(sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep "Free blocks" | awk '{print $3}')

if [ -n "$TOTAL_BLOCKS" ] && [ -n "$FREE_BLOCKS" ] && [ -n "$BLOCK_SIZE" ]; then
    echo "" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
    echo "3. 使用率计算：" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
    echo "------------------------" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE

    USED_BLOCKS=$((TOTAL_BLOCKS - FREE_BLOCKS))
    USED_PERCENT=$((USED_BLOCKS * 100 / TOTAL_BLOCKS))

    TOTAL_GB=$((TOTAL_BLOCKS * BLOCK_SIZE / 1024 / 1024 / 1024))
    USED_GB=$((USED_BLOCKS * BLOCK_SIZE / 1024 / 1024 / 1024))
    FREE_GB=$((FREE_BLOCKS * BLOCK_SIZE / 1024 / 1024 / 1024))

    echo "总容量: ${TOTAL_GB}GB" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
    echo "已使用: ${USED_GB}GB" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
    echo "可用空间: ${FREE_GB}GB" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
    echo "使用率: ${USED_PERCENT}%" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
fi

echo "" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
echo "4. 维护信息：" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
echo "------------------------" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep -E "(Mount count|Maximum mount count|Last checked|Check interval|Errors behavior)" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE

echo "" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
echo "5. 文件系统特性：" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
echo "------------------------" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep "Filesystem features" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE

echo "" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE
echo "报告生成完成: $REPORT_FILE" | tee -a $REPORT_FILE

#!/bin/bash
# ext文件系统健康检查脚本
DEVICE="${1:-/dev/sda1}"
WARNING_THRESHOLD=80  # 使用率警告阈值
ERROR_THRESHOLD=95    # 使用率错误阈值

echo "=== ext文件系统健康检查 ==="
echo "检查设备: $DEVICE"
echo "检查时间: $(date)"
echo ""

# 获取文件系统信息
if ! sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE &>/dev/null; then
    echo "❌ 错误：无法读取文件系统信息"
    echo "可能原因："
    echo "  1. 设备不存在"
    echo "  2. 不是ext2/3/4文件系统"
    echo "  3. 超级块损坏"
    exit 1
fi

# 检查1：文件系统状态
FS_STATE=$(sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep "Filesystem state" | awk '{print $3}')
if [ "$FS_STATE" = "clean" ]; then
    echo "✅ 文件系统状态: $FS_STATE (正常)"
else
    echo "❌ 文件系统状态: $FS_STATE (需要检查)"
fi

# 检查2：使用率
BLOCK_SIZE=$(sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep "Block size" | awk '{print $3}')
TOTAL_BLOCKS=$(sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep "Block count" | awk '{print $3}')
FREE_BLOCKS=$(sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep "Free blocks" | awk '{print $3}')

if [ -n "$TOTAL_BLOCKS" ] && [ -n "$FREE_BLOCKS" ]; then
    USED_BLOCKS=$((TOTAL_BLOCKS - FREE_BLOCKS))
    USED_PERCENT=$((USED_BLOCKS * 100 / TOTAL_BLOCKS))

    if [ $USED_PERCENT -ge $ERROR_THRESHOLD ]; then
        echo "❌ 磁盘使用率: ${USED_PERCENT}% (超过错误阈值 ${ERROR_THRESHOLD}%)"
    elif [ $USED_PERCENT -ge $WARNING_THRESHOLD ]; then
        echo "⚠️  磁盘使用率: ${USED_PERCENT}% (超过警告阈值 ${WARNING_THRESHOLD}%)"
    else
        echo "✅ 磁盘使用率: ${USED_PERCENT}% (正常)"
    fi
fi

# 检查3：inode使用率
TOTAL_INODES=$(sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep "Inode count" | awk '{print $3}')
FREE_INODES=$(sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep "Free inodes" | awk '{print $3}')

if [ -n "$TOTAL_INODES" ] && [ -n "$FREE_INODES" ]; then
    USED_INODES=$((TOTAL_INODES - FREE_INODES))
    INODE_PERCENT=$((USED_INODES * 100 / TOTAL_INODES))

    if [ $INODE_PERCENT -ge $ERROR_THRESHOLD ]; then
        echo "❌ inode使用率: ${INODE_PERCENT}% (超过错误阈值 ${ERROR_THRESHOLD}%)"
    elif [ $INODE_PERCENT -ge $WARNING_THRESHOLD ]; then
        echo "⚠️  inode使用率: ${INODE_PERCENT}% (超过警告阈值 ${WARNING_THRESHOLD}%)"
    else
        echo "✅ inode使用率: ${INODE_PERCENT}% (正常)"
    fi
fi

# 检查4：挂载计数
MOUNT_COUNT=$(sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep "Mount count" | awk '{print $3}')
MAX_MOUNT_COUNT=$(sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep "Maximum mount count" | awk '{print $4}')

if [ "$MAX_MOUNT_COUNT" != "-1" ]; then
    REMAINING=$((MAX_MOUNT_COUNT - MOUNT_COUNT))
    if [ $REMAINING -le 5 ]; then
        echo "⚠️  挂载计数: $MOUNT_COUNT/$MAX_MOUNT_COUNT (剩余 $REMAINING 次)"
    else
        echo "✅ 挂载计数: $MOUNT_COUNT/$MAX_MOUNT_COUNT"
    fi
else
    echo "✅ 挂载计数: 无限制"
fi

# 检查5：最后检查时间
LAST_CHECKED=$(sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep "Last checked" | cut -d: -f2-)
CHECK_INTERVAL=$(sudo dumpe2fs -h $DEVICE 2>/dev/null | grep "Check interval" | awk '{print $3}' | tr -d '(')

if [ "$CHECK_INTERVAL" != "0" ] && [ "$CHECK_INTERVAL" != "" ]; then
    echo "✅ 文件系统检查: 已配置 (间隔: $CHECK_INTERVAL)"
    echo "   最后检查: $LAST_CHECKED"
else
    echo "⚠️  文件系统检查: 未配置定期检查"
fi

echo ""
echo "=== 检查完成 ==="
echo "建议："
if [ "$FS_STATE" != "clean" ]; then
    echo "  • 运行 fsck 检查文件系统"
fi
if [ $USED_PERCENT -ge $WARNING_THRESHOLD ]; then
    echo "  • 清理磁盘空间或扩展文件系统"
fi
if [ $INODE_PERCENT -ge $WARNING_THRESHOLD ]; then
    echo "  • 删除不需要的小文件或增加inode数量"
fi

tune2fs

调整ext2/3/4文件系统参数

# 查看信息
tune2fs -l /dev/sda1

# 调整参数
tune2fs -c 30 /dev/sda1

e2fsck

检查修复ext2/3/4文件系统

# 检查文件系统
e2fsck -n /dev/sda1

# 修复文件系统
e2fsck -y /dev/sda1

debugfs

ext2/3/4文件系统调试器

# 交互式调试
debugfs /dev/sda1

# 查看inode信息
debugfs -R "stat <8>" /dev/sda1