diffstat 命令用于读取 diff 命令的输出，并显示插入、删除和修改行的统计信息。它通过图形化的方式展示文件变更的规模，是代码审查、补丁分析和版本控制中非常有用的工具。
diff [选项] | diffstat [选项]或者直接处理文件：
diffstat [选项] 补丁文件file1.txt | 5 +++++
file2.c | 10 +++++++++-
file3.py | 3 ++-
3 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)说明：
+++++ 表示添加的行数- 表示删除的行数file1.txt:
| 5 +++++
file2.c:
| 10 +++++++++-
file3.py:
| 3 ++-
17 insertions, 2 deletions in 3 files# 创建测试文件
echo -e "line1\nline2\nline3\nline4\nline5" > file1.txt
echo -e "line1\nmodified\nline3\nline4\nline5\nline6" > file2.txt
# 使用diff管道到diffstat
diff -u file1.txt file2.txt | diffstat
# 输出示例：
# file1.txt | 1 -
# file2.txt | 2 ++
# 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)# 生成补丁文件
diff -u file1.txt file2.txt > changes.patch
# 使用diffstat分析补丁
diffstat changes.patch
# 或者
cat changes.patch | diffstat# 指定输出宽度为80字符
diff -u file1.txt file2.txt | diffstat -w 80
# 自动适应终端宽度
diff -u file1.txt file2.txt | diffstat -w 0# 仅显示数字统计，不显示图形
diff -u file1.txt file2.txt | diffstat -m
# 输出示例：
# file1.txt | 1 | 1
# file2.txt | 1 | 2
# 2 files changed, 2 insertions, 1 deletion# 分析Git提交的变更统计
git show --pretty=format:"" --stat HEAD | diffstat
# 或者直接使用git的diff
git diff HEAD~1 HEAD | diffstat
# 分析特定分支的差异
git diff main..feature-branch | diffstat -w 100# 下载两个版本的源码包
wget http://example.com/software-1.0.tar.gz
wget http://example.com/software-1.1.tar.gz
# 解压并比较
tar -xzf software-1.0.tar.gz
tar -xzf software-1.1.tar.gz
diff -Nur software-1.0 software-1.1 | diffstat
# 输出示例：
# Makefile | 4 ++--
# src/main.c | 15 ++++++++++++++-
# src/utils.c | 7 +++++++
# 3 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)# 生成详细的代码变更报告
git diff --cached | diffstat -f 1 -w 120 > code_review_stats.txt
# 查看报告
cat code_review_stats.txt
# 输出示例：
# src/controllers/user_controller.py:
# | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
# src/models/user.py:
# | 12 +++++++++++-
# src/templates/user.html:
# | 7 +++++++
# 68 insertions, 1 deletion in 3 files#!/bin/bash
# 在CI脚本中使用diffstat
echo "=== 代码变更统计 ==="
git diff $BASE_SHA $HEAD_SHA | diffstat -w 100
echo ""
echo "=== 文件变更详情 ==="
git diff --name-status $BASE_SHA $HEAD_SHA
# 输出示例：
# === 代码变更统计 ===
# src/api.js | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
# src/components/ | 15 +++++++++++++++
# 2 files changed, 35 insertions(+)
#
# === 文件变更详情 ===
# M src/api.js
# A src/components/NewComponent.js# 格式0：默认格式
diff -u file1 file2 | diffstat -f 0
# 格式1：详细格式
diff -u file1 file2 | diffstat -f 1
# 格式2：CSV格式
diff -u file1 file2 | diffstat -f 2
# 格式4：包含路径的格式
diff -u file1 file2 | diffstat -f 4 -p 1# 分析目录下所有补丁文件
for patch in patches/*.patch; do
echo "=== $patch ==="
diffstat -w 80 < "$patch"
echo
done
# 或者使用find
find patches/ -name "*.patch" -exec echo "=== {} ===" \; -exec diffstat -w 80 {} \;# 生成HTML格式的报告
diff -u old new | diffstat -f 0 | \
awk 'BEGIN {print ""} {print "" $1 " " $2 "
"}' > report.html
# 使用sed处理输出
diff -u file1 file2 | diffstat -e > changes.sed
# 生成JSON格式输出
diff -u file1 file2 | diffstat -m | \
awk 'BEGIN {print "["}
/files changed/ {next}
{if(NR>1) printf ","; printf "{\"file\":\"%s\",\"insertions\":%s,\"deletions\":%s}", $1, $2, $3}
END {print "]"}' > changes.json#!/bin/bash
# 监控脚本：定期检查代码变更
LAST_COMMIT=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
while true; do
git fetch origin
NEW_COMMIT=$(git rev-parse origin/main)
if [ "$LAST_COMMIT" != "$NEW_COMMIT" ]; then
echo "检测到新的提交: $(date)"
echo "变更统计:"
git diff $LAST_COMMIT $NEW_COMMIT | diffstat -w 100
LAST_COMMIT=$NEW_COMMIT
echo "----------------------------------------"
fi
sleep 300 # 5分钟检查一次
done-w选项可以控制输出宽度，避免长文件名被截断-m选项可以获得更易解析的输出