linux dmidecode命令

dmidecode [选项]

# 显示所有DMI信息（需要root权限）
sudo dmidecode

# 显示简要信息（减少输出）
sudo dmidecode -q

# 示例输出（部分）：
# # dmidecode 3.3
# Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
# SMBIOS 3.2.0 present.
#
# Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 26 bytes
# BIOS Information
#   Vendor: Dell Inc.
#   Version: 1.15.0
#   Release Date: 08/05/2021
#   Address: 0xF0000
#   Runtime Size: 64 kB
#   ROM Size: 32 MB
#   Characteristics:
#     PCI is supported
#     BIOS is upgradeable
#     BIOS shadowing is allowed
#     Boot from CD is supported
#     Selectable boot is supported
#     EDD is supported
#     5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
#     3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
#     3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
#     Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
#     8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
#     Serial services are supported (int 14h)
#     Printer services are supported (int 17h)
#     CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
#     ACPI is supported
#     USB legacy is supported
#     BIOS boot specification is supported
#     Targeted content distribution is supported
#     UEFI is supported
#   BIOS Revision: 1.15

# 显示系统信息（类型1）
sudo dmidecode -t 1

# 显示处理器信息（类型4）
sudo dmidecode -t 4

# 显示内存信息（类型16、17）
sudo dmidecode -t 16
sudo dmidecode -t 17

# 显示主板信息（类型2）
sudo dmidecode -t 2

# 显示BIOS信息（类型0）
sudo dmidecode -t 0

# 使用类型名称
sudo dmidecode -t bios
sudo dmidecode -t system
sudo dmidecode -t baseboard
sudo dmidecode -t chassis
sudo dmidecode -t processor
sudo dmidecode -t memory

# 显示多个类型
sudo dmidecode -t 0,1
sudo dmidecode -t bios,system,processor

# 显示系统序列号
sudo dmidecode -s system-serial-number

# 显示系统产品名称
sudo dmidecode -s system-product-name

# 显示系统制造商
sudo dmidecode -s system-manufacturer

# 显示BIOS版本
sudo dmidecode -s bios-version

# 显示主板序列号
sudo dmidecode -s baseboard-serial-number

# 显示主板制造商
sudo dmidecode -s baseboard-manufacturer

# 显示主板产品名称
sudo dmidecode -s baseboard-product-name

# 显示机箱序列号
sudo dmidecode -s chassis-serial-number

# 显示处理器频率
sudo dmidecode -s processor-frequency

# 显示处理器版本
sudo dmidecode -s processor-version

# 显示所有支持的字符串关键字
sudo dmidecode -s | head -20

# 显示原始DMI数据
sudo dmidecode -u

# 显示特定类型的原始数据
sudo dmidecode -t 17 -u

# 将DMI数据转储到二进制文件
sudo dmidecode --dump-bin dmi.bin

# 从二进制文件读取DMI数据
sudo dmidecode --from-dump dmi.bin

# 比较不同时间的DMI数据
sudo dmidecode --dump-bin dmi_before.bin
# ...进行硬件变更...
sudo dmidecode --dump-bin dmi_after.bin
diff dmi_before.bin dmi_after.bin

# 显示物理内存阵列信息
sudo dmidecode -t 16

# 显示内存设备详细信息
sudo dmidecode -t 17

# 显示内存信息（包括速度和大小）
sudo dmidecode -t memory | grep -E "Size:|Speed:|Type:|Manufacturer:|Part Number:|Serial Number:"

# 显示内存插槽使用情况
sudo dmidecode -t 17 | grep -E "Locator:|Size:|Bank Locator:"

# 示例输出（内存设备）：
# Handle 0x0014, DMI type 17, 40 bytes
# Memory Device
#   Array Handle: 0x0013
#   Error Information Handle: Not Provided
#   Total Width: 64 bits
#   Data Width: 64 bits
#   Size: 8192 MB
#   Form Factor: SODIMM
#   Set: None
#   Locator: ChannelA-DIMM0
#   Bank Locator: BANK 0
#   Type: DDR4
#   Type Detail: Synchronous
#   Speed: 3200 MT/s
#   Manufacturer: Samsung
#   Serial Number: 12345678
#   Asset Tag: 98765432
#   Part Number: M471A1K43DB1-CTD
#   Rank: 1
#   Configured Memory Speed: 3200 MT/s
#   Minimum Voltage: 1.2 V
#   Maximum Voltage: 1.2 V
#   Configured Voltage: 1.2 V

# 显示处理器详细信息
sudo dmidecode -t 4

# 显示处理器核心和线程数
sudo dmidecode -t 4 | grep -E "Core Count:|Thread Count:|Current Speed:|Max Speed:"

# 显示处理器缓存信息
sudo dmidecode -t 7

# 示例输出（处理器信息）：
# Handle 0x0005, DMI type 4, 48 bytes
# Processor Information
#   Socket Designation: U3E1
#   Type: Central Processor
#   Family: Core i7
#   Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corporation
#   ID: E9 06 09 00 FF FB EB BF
#   Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 158, Stepping 9
#   Flags:
#     FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
#     VME (Virtual mode extension)
#     DE (Debugging extension)
#     PSE (Page size extension)
#     TSC (Time stamp counter)
#     MSR (Model specific registers)
#     PAE (Physical address extension)
#     MCE (Machine check exception)
#     CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
#     APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
#     SEP (Fast system call)
#     MTRR (Memory type range registers)
#     PGE (Page global enable)
#     MCA (Machine check architecture)
#     CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
#     PAT (Page attribute table)
#     PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
#     CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
#     DS (Debug store)
#     ACPI (ACPI supported)
#     MMX (MMX technology supported)
#     FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported)
#     SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
#     SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
#     SS (Self-snoop)
#     HTT (Multi-threading)
#     TM (Thermal monitor supported)
#     PBE (Pending break enabled)
#   Version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-1065G7 CPU @ 1.30GHz
#   Voltage: 0.8 V
#   External Clock: 100 MHz
#   Max Speed: 3900 MHz
#   Current Speed: 1300 MHz
#   Status: Populated, Enabled
#   Upgrade: Socket BGA1528
#   L1 Cache Handle: 0x0006
#   L2 Cache Handle: 0x0007
#   L3 Cache Handle: 0x0008
#   Serial Number: Not Specified
#   Asset Tag: Not Specified
#   Part Number: Not Specified
#   Core Count: 4
#   Core Enabled: 4
#   Thread Count: 8
#   Characteristics:
#     64-bit capable
#     Multi-Core
#     Hardware Thread
#     Execute Protection
#     Enhanced Virtualization
#     Power/Performance Control

# 显示系统插槽信息（PCI、PCIe插槽）
sudo dmidecode -t 9

# 显示端口连接器信息
sudo dmidecode -t 8

# 显示板载设备信息
sudo dmidecode -t 10

# 显示系统配置选项
sudo dmidecode -t 12

# 示例输出（系统插槽）：
# Handle 0x000F, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
# System Slot Information
#   Designation: J6B2
#   Type: x16 PCI Express 3 x16
#   Current Usage: Available
#   Length: Long
#   Characteristics:
#     3.3 V is provided
#     Opening is shared
#     PME signal is supported
#   Bus Address: 0000:00:1c.0

#!/bin/bash

# 脚本1：系统信息收集
echo "=== 系统信息收集 ==="
echo "收集时间: $(date)"
echo ""

# 获取系统基本信息
SYSTEM_MANUFACTURER=$(sudo dmidecode -s system-manufacturer 2>/dev/null)
SYSTEM_PRODUCT_NAME=$(sudo dmidecode -s system-product-name 2>/dev/null)
SYSTEM_SERIAL_NUMBER=$(sudo dmidecode -s system-serial-number 2>/dev/null)
SYSTEM_UUID=$(sudo dmidecode -s system-uuid 2>/dev/null)

echo "1. 系统信息:"
echo "   制造商: ${SYSTEM_MANUFACTURER:-未找到}"
echo "   产品名: ${SYSTEM_PRODUCT_NAME:-未找到}"
echo "   序列号: ${SYSTEM_SERIAL_NUMBER:-未找到}"
echo "   UUID: ${SYSTEM_UUID:-未找到}"

# 获取主板信息
BASEBOARD_MANUFACTURER=$(sudo dmidecode -s baseboard-manufacturer 2>/dev/null)
BASEBOARD_PRODUCT_NAME=$(sudo dmidecode -s baseboard-product-name 2>/dev/null)
BASEBOARD_SERIAL_NUMBER=$(sudo dmidecode -s baseboard-serial-number 2>/dev/null)
BASEBOARD_VERSION=$(sudo dmidecode -s baseboard-version 2>/dev/null)

echo ""
echo "2. 主板信息:"
echo "   制造商: ${BASEBOARD_MANUFACTURER:-未找到}"
echo "   产品名: ${BASEBOARD_PRODUCT_NAME:-未找到}"
echo "   序列号: ${BASEBOARD_SERIAL_NUMBER:-未找到}"
echo "   版本: ${BASEBOARD_VERSION:-未找到}"

# 获取BIOS信息
BIOS_VENDOR=$(sudo dmidecode -s bios-vendor 2>/dev/null)
BIOS_VERSION=$(sudo dmidecode -s bios-version 2>/dev/null)
BIOS_RELEASE_DATE=$(sudo dmidecode -s bios-release-date 2>/dev/null)

echo ""
echo "3. BIOS信息:"
echo "   厂商: ${BIOS_VENDOR:-未找到}"
echo "   版本: ${BIOS_VERSION:-未找到}"
echo "   发布日期: ${BIOS_RELEASE_DATE:-未找到}"

# 获取处理器信息
PROCESSOR_VERSION=$(sudo dmidecode -s processor-version 2>/dev/null)
PROCESSOR_FREQUENCY=$(sudo dmidecode -s processor-frequency 2>/dev/null)

echo ""
echo "4. 处理器信息:"
echo "   型号: ${PROCESSOR_VERSION:-未找到}"
echo "   频率: ${PROCESSOR_FREQUENCY:-未找到}"

# 脚本2：内存配置报告
echo ""
echo "5. 内存配置:"

# 获取内存阵列信息
echo "   物理内存阵列:"
sudo dmidecode -t 16 2>/dev/null | grep -E "Location:|Use:|Error Correction Type:|Maximum Capacity:|Number Of Devices:" | while read line; do
    echo "     $line"
done

# 获取内存设备信息
echo ""
echo "   内存设备详情:"
MEMORY_COUNT=0
TOTAL_MEMORY=0

sudo dmidecode -t 17 2>/dev/null | while read -r line; do
    if echo "$line" | grep -q "Size:"; then
        SIZE=$(echo "$line" | awk -F': ' '{print $2}')
        if [ "$SIZE" != "No Module Installed" ]; then
            MEMORY_COUNT=$((MEMORY_COUNT + 1))
            SIZE_MB=$(echo "$SIZE" | awk '{print $1}')
            TOTAL_MEMORY=$((TOTAL_MEMORY + SIZE_MB))
            echo "     插槽 $MEMORY_COUNT: $SIZE"
        fi
    fi

    if echo "$line" | grep -q "Speed:"; then
        SPEED=$(echo "$line" | awk -F': ' '{print $2}')
        echo "       速度: $SPEED"
    fi

    if echo "$line" | grep -q "Manufacturer:"; then
        MANUFACTURER=$(echo "$line" | awk -F': ' '{print $2}')
        echo "       制造商: $MANUFACTURER"
    fi

    if echo "$line" | grep -q "Part Number:"; then
        PART_NUMBER=$(echo "$line" | awk -F': ' '{print $2}')
        echo "       部件号: $PART_NUMBER"
        echo ""
    fi
done

if [ $TOTAL_MEMORY -gt 0 ]; then
    TOTAL_MEMORY_GB=$((TOTAL_MEMORY / 1024))
    echo "   总计: $MEMORY_COUNT 条内存，总容量 ${TOTAL_MEMORY_GB}GB"
fi

# 脚本3：硬件资产清单
echo ""
echo "6. 硬件资产清单生成中..."

ASSET_REPORT="/tmp/hardware_assets_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).txt"

{
    echo "硬件资产清单"
    echo "============"
    echo "生成时间: $(date)"
    echo ""

    echo "系统信息:"
    echo "---------"
    echo "制造商: $SYSTEM_MANUFACTURER"
    echo "产品名: $SYSTEM_PRODUCT_NAME"
    echo "序列号: $SYSTEM_SERIAL_NUMBER"
    echo "UUID: $SYSTEM_UUID"
    echo ""

    echo "主板信息:"
    echo "---------"
    echo "制造商: $BASEBOARD_MANUFACTURER"
    echo "产品名: $BASEBOARD_PRODUCT_NAME"
    echo "序列号: $BASEBOARD_SERIAL_NUMBER"
    echo "版本: $BASEBOARD_VERSION"
    echo ""

    echo "BIOS信息:"
    echo "---------"
    echo "厂商: $BIOS_VENDOR"
    echo "版本: $BIOS_VERSION"
    echo "发布日期: $BIOS_RELEASE_DATE"
    echo ""

    echo "处理器信息:"
    echo "-----------"
    echo "型号: $PROCESSOR_VERSION"
    echo "频率: $PROCESSOR_FREQUENCY"
    echo ""

    echo "内存信息:"
    echo "---------"
    sudo dmidecode -t 17 2>/dev/null | grep -E "Size:|Speed:|Manufacturer:|Part Number:|Serial Number:" | while read -r line; do
        echo "$line"
    done
} > "$ASSET_REPORT"

echo "资产清单已保存到: $ASSET_REPORT"

#!/bin/bash

# 脚本1：服务器硬件审计
echo "=== 服务器硬件审计报告 ==="
echo "审计时间: $(date)"
echo ""

# 检查服务器制造商和型号
SERVER_VENDOR=$(sudo dmidecode -s system-manufacturer 2>/dev/null)
SERVER_MODEL=$(sudo dmidecode -s system-product-name 2>/dev/null)

echo "1. 服务器基本信息:"
echo "   制造商: $SERVER_VENDOR"
echo "   型号: $SERVER_MODEL"

# 检查服务器是否在保修期内（需要当前日期和制造日期）
BIOS_DATE=$(sudo dmidecode -s bios-release-date 2>/dev/null)
if [ -n "$BIOS_DATE" ]; then
    BIOS_YEAR=$(echo "$BIOS_DATE" | awk -F'/' '{print $3}')
    CURRENT_YEAR=$(date +%Y)
    AGE=$((CURRENT_YEAR - BIOS_YEAR))

    if [ $AGE -le 3 ]; then
        echo "   BIOS日期: $BIOS_DATE (大约 $AGE 年)"
        echo "   ⚠️ 可能在保修期内"
    else
        echo "   BIOS日期: $BIOS_DATE (大约 $AGE 年)"
        echo "   ⚠️ 可能已过保修期"
    fi
fi

# 检查内存配置
echo ""
echo "2. 内存配置检查:"

# 获取内存插槽总数和已使用插槽
MEMORY_SLOTS=0
USED_SLOTS=0
TOTAL_MEMORY_MB=0

while read -r line; do
    if echo "$line" | grep -q "Size:"; then
        MEMORY_SLOTS=$((MEMORY_SLOTS + 1))
        SIZE_STR=$(echo "$line" | awk -F': ' '{print $2}')
        if [ "$SIZE_STR" != "No Module Installed" ]; then
            USED_SLOTS=$((USED_SLOTS + 1))
            SIZE_MB=$(echo "$SIZE_STR" | awk '{print $1}')
            TOTAL_MEMORY_MB=$((TOTAL_MEMORY_MB + SIZE_MB))
        fi
    fi
done < <(sudo dmidecode -t 17 2>/dev/null)

TOTAL_MEMORY_GB=$((TOTAL_MEMORY_MB / 1024))

echo "   内存插槽: $USED_SLOTS/$MEMORY_SLOTS 已使用"
echo "   总内存: ${TOTAL_MEMORY_GB}GB"

# 检查内存是否匹配（相同品牌/规格）
echo "   内存匹配检查:"
sudo dmidecode -t 17 2>/dev/null | grep -E "Manufacturer:|Part Number:|Speed:" | awk -F': ' '{print $2}' | paste - - - | while read -r line; do
    if [ -n "$line" ]; then
        echo "     $line"
    fi
done

# 检查处理器信息
echo ""
echo "3. 处理器信息:"

PROCESSOR_COUNT=0
while read -r line; do
    if echo "$line" | grep -q "Socket Designation:"; then
        PROCESSOR_COUNT=$((PROCESSOR_COUNT + 1))
        SOCKET=$(echo "$line" | awk -F': ' '{print $2}')
        echo "   处理器 $PROCESSOR_COUNT - 插座: $SOCKET"
    fi

    if echo "$line" | grep -q "Core Count:"; then
        CORES=$(echo "$line" | awk -F': ' '{print $2}')
        echo "     核心数: $CORES"
    fi

    if echo "$line" | grep -q "Thread Count:"; then
        THREADS=$(echo "$line" | awk -F': ' '{print $2}')
        echo "     线程数: $THREADS"
    fi

    if echo "$line" | grep -q "Max Speed:"; then
        SPEED=$(echo "$line" | awk -F': ' '{print $2}')
        echo "     最大速度: $SPEED"
    fi
done < <(sudo dmidecode -t 4 2>/dev/null)

# 脚本2：虚拟化兼容性检查
echo ""
echo "4. 虚拟化兼容性检查:"

# 检查处理器虚拟化支持
VIRT_SUPPORT=$(sudo dmidecode -t 4 2>/dev/null | grep -c "Enhanced Virtualization")
if [ "$VIRT_SUPPORT" -gt 0 ]; then
    echo "   ✅ 处理器支持增强虚拟化"
else
    echo "   ❌ 处理器可能不支持虚拟化"
fi

# 检查64位支持
BIT64_SUPPORT=$(sudo dmidecode -t 4 2>/dev/null | grep -c "64-bit capable")
if [ "$BIT64_SUPPORT" -gt 0 ]; then
    echo "   ✅ 处理器支持64位"
else
    echo "   ❌ 处理器不支持64位"
fi

# 检查内存大小是否足够
if [ $TOTAL_MEMORY_GB -ge 16 ]; then
    echo "   ✅ 内存充足 (${TOTAL_MEMORY_GB}GB)"
elif [ $TOTAL_MEMORY_GB -ge 8 ]; then
    echo "   ⚠️ 内存可能不足 (${TOTAL_MEMORY_GB}GB)，建议至少16GB"
else
    echo "   ❌ 内存不足 (${TOTAL_MEMORY_GB}GB)，需要至少8GB"
fi

# 脚本3：硬件变化检测
echo ""
echo "5. 硬件变化检测:"

# 生成当前硬件签名
HARDWARE_SIGNATURE="/tmp/hardware_signature_$(date +%Y%m%d).txt"
{
    sudo dmidecode -s system-serial-number 2>/dev/null
    sudo dmidecode -s baseboard-serial-number 2>/dev/null
    sudo dmidecode -t 17 2>/dev/null | grep -E "Serial Number:|Part Number:" | sort
    sudo dmidecode -t 4 2>/dev/null | grep -E "ID:|Version:" | sort
} > "$HARDWARE_SIGNATURE"

PREV_SIGNATURE="/tmp/hardware_signature_prev.txt"

if [ -f "$PREV_SIGNATURE" ]; then
    if diff -q "$PREV_SIGNATURE" "$HARDWARE_SIGNATURE" > /dev/null; then
        echo "   硬件配置未发生变化"
    else
        echo "   ⚠️ 硬件配置已发生变化！"
        echo "   变化详情:"
        diff "$PREV_SIGNATURE" "$HARDWARE_SIGNATURE" | head -10
    fi
else
    echo "   首次运行，已创建硬件配置快照"
fi

# 保存当前签名供下次比较
cp "$HARDWARE_SIGNATURE" "$PREV_SIGNATURE"

echo ""
echo "硬件审计完成。"

# 1. dmidecode命令不存在
# 检查是否安装
which dmidecode
# 安装（如果需要）
# Ubuntu/Debian: sudo apt-get install dmidecode
# RHEL/CentOS: sudo yum install dmidecode

# 2. 权限不足
# 使用sudo运行
sudo dmidecode

# 3. 无法读取DMI数据
# 检查内核是否支持DMI
dmesg | grep -i dmi
dmesg | grep -i smbios

# 检查/dev/mem访问权限
ls -la /dev/mem
# 如果/dev/mem不可访问，尝试使用sysfs
ls /sys/firmware/dmi/tables/

# 4. DMI数据不完整
# 检查SMBIOS版本
sudo dmidecode --version

# 检查是否启用了DMI支持（BIOS设置）
# 需要在BIOS中启用"SMBIOS Support"或类似选项

# 5. 特定信息缺失
# 检查原始DMI数据
sudo dmidecode -u | less

# 检查是否有相应的DMI类型
sudo dmidecode | grep "DMI type"

# 6. 内存信息不正确
# 使用其他工具验证
sudo lshw -c memory
sudo lsmem

# 检查/proc/meminfo
cat /proc/meminfo

# 7. 处理器信息不正确
# 使用其他工具验证
sudo lscpu
cat /proc/cpuinfo

# 8. 虚拟化环境中的DMI信息
# 虚拟机的DMI信息通常由hypervisor提供
# 可能不完整或不准确

# 9. 更新DMI数据
# 有些主板支持更新DMI数据
# 通常需要通过制造商提供的工具进行

# 10. 比较不同系统的DMI数据
# 在一台正常工作的系统上运行
sudo dmidecode --dump-bin reference.bin
# 在有问题系统上运行
sudo dmidecode --dump-bin problematic.bin
# 比较两个文件