Apache apachectl命令

# 启动Apache服务器
sudo apachectl start
# 或（系统管理方式）
sudo systemctl start apache2  # Debian/Ubuntu
sudo systemctl start httpd    # RHEL/CentOS

# 停止Apache服务器
sudo apachectl stop
sudo systemctl stop apache2
sudo systemctl stop httpd

# 重启Apache服务器（强制重启）
sudo apachectl restart
sudo systemctl restart apache2
sudo systemctl restart httpd

# 平滑重启（等待当前请求完成）
sudo apachectl graceful

# 平滑停止
sudo apachectl graceful-stop

# 查看Apache状态
sudo apachectl status
sudo systemctl status apache2
sudo systemctl status httpd

# 启用Apache开机自启动
sudo systemctl enable apache2
sudo systemctl enable httpd

# 禁用Apache开机自启动
sudo systemctl disable apache2
sudo systemctl disable httpd

# 检查配置文件语法（非常重要！）
sudo apachectl configtest
# 输出示例：
# Syntax OK

# 如果配置文件有错误，会显示：
# AH00526: Syntax error on line 10 of /etc/apache2/apache2.conf:
# Invalid command 'LogLeveL', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration
# Action 'configtest' failed.

# 也可以使用httpd命令检查
sudo httpd -t
# 或
apache2ctl -t

# 检查特定配置文件
sudo apachectl -t -f /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.conf

# 在修改配置文件后，一定要先检查语法再重启
sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
sudo apachectl configtest
sudo apachectl graceful

# 查看Apache版本
apachectl -v
# 输出示例：
# Server version: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)
# Server built:   2021-10-14T16:24:43

# 查看详细版本和编译信息
apachectl -V
# 显示编译参数、安装路径等

# 列出已编译的模块
apachectl -l
# 输出示例：
# Compiled in modules:
#   core.c
#   mod_so.c
#   watchdog.c
#   http_core.c
#   ...

# 列出已加载的模块
apachectl -M
# 或
apache2ctl -M
# 输出示例：
# Loaded Modules:
#  core_module (static)
#  so_module (static)
#  http_module (static)
#  ...

# 列出可用的配置指令
apachectl -L

# 显示虚拟主机配置
apachectl -S
# 输出示例：
# VirtualHost configuration:
# *:80                   is a NameVirtualHost
#      default server www.example.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf:1)
#      port 80 namevhost www.example.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf:1)
# ...

# 查看Apache错误日志
sudo tail -f /var/log/apache2/error.log
sudo tail -f /var/log/httpd/error_log  # RHEL/CentOS

# 查看访问日志
sudo tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log
sudo tail -f /var/log/httpd/access_log  # RHEL/CentOS

# 查看Apache进程
ps aux | grep apache
ps aux | grep httpd

# 查看Apache监听的端口
sudo netstat -tlnp | grep apache
sudo netstat -tlnp | grep httpd
# 或
sudo ss -tlnp | grep apache

# 测试Apache是否响应
curl -I http://localhost
# 应返回HTTP 200 OK

# 查看完整状态（需要lynx）
sudo apt-get install lynx  # 安装lynx
sudo apachectl fullstatus

# 检查配置文件路径
apachectl -V | grep SERVER_CONFIG_FILE
# 输出示例：
# -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="/etc/apache2/apache2.conf"

#!/bin/bash
# 文件名: manage_apache.sh
# Apache服务器管理脚本

APACHE_CTL="apachectl"
CONFIG_FILE="/etc/apache2/apache2.conf"
LOG_DIR="/var/log/apache2"

case "$1" in
    start)
        echo "启动Apache服务器..."
        $APACHE_CTL start
        ;;
    stop)
        echo "停止Apache服务器..."
        $APACHE_CTL stop
        ;;
    restart)
        echo "重启Apache服务器..."
        $APACHE_CTL restart
        ;;
    reload)
        echo "重新加载配置文件..."
        $APACHE_CTL graceful
        ;;
    status)
        echo "Apache服务器状态:"
        $APACHE_CTL status
        ;;
    test)
        echo "检查配置文件语法..."
        $APACHE_CTL configtest
        ;;
    logs)
        echo "查看错误日志（最后50行）:"
        tail -50 $LOG_DIR/error.log
        echo -e "\n查看访问日志（最后20行）:"
        tail -20 $LOG_DIR/access.log
        ;;
    modules)
        echo "已加载的模块:"
        $APACHE_CTL -M
        ;;
    vhosts)
        echo "虚拟主机配置:"
        $APACHE_CTL -S
        ;;
    *)
        echo "用法: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status|test|logs|modules|vhosts}"
        echo "  start    - 启动Apache"
        echo "  stop     - 停止Apache"
        echo "  restart  - 重启Apache"
        echo "  reload   - 重新加载配置"
        echo "  status   - 查看状态"
        echo "  test     - 检查配置语法"
        echo "  logs     - 查看日志"
        echo "  modules  - 查看模块"
        echo "  vhosts   - 查看虚拟主机"
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

exit 0

# 查看Apache服务状态
sudo systemctl status apache2
sudo systemctl status httpd

# 启动Apache服务
sudo systemctl start apache2

# 停止Apache服务
sudo systemctl stop apache2

# 重启Apache服务
sudo systemctl restart apache2

# 重新加载配置文件
sudo systemctl reload apache2

# 启用开机自启动
sudo systemctl enable apache2

# 禁用开机自启动
sudo systemctl disable apache2

# 查看服务是否启用
sudo systemctl is-enabled apache2

# 查看服务详细状态
sudo systemctl show apache2

# 查看服务日志
sudo journalctl -u apache2
sudo journalctl -u apache2 -f  # 实时查看
sudo journalctl -u apache2 --since "2023-01-01" --until "2023-12-31"

# 查看服务启动时间
sudo systemctl status apache2 | grep -A 3 "Loaded:"